Cultivator.



PATENTED JUNE 1 19o4'.

B. P. COLLIER.

GULTIVATOR.

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' N0 MODEL.

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PATENTED .T'UNB 14, "1904,

' GULTIVATOR. APPLIOATIQH FILED D110. 14, 1 903.

B. P. COLLIER.

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no MODEL.

UNITED STATES Patented June 14, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

BENJAMIN PANNELL COLLIER, OF PRICEVILLE, ALAB MA. f

CULTIVATOR. 7

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 762,804, dated June 14, 1904.

Application filed December 14, 1903. Serial No. 185,151. (No model.)

To all whom zit may concern.-

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN PANNELL COL- LIER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Priceville, in the county of Morgan and State of Alabama, have invented a new and useful Cultivator, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to riding-cultivators; and it has for its object to provide a device of this class which shall possess superior advantages in point of, simplicity, durability, and general efficiency. 7 A

An initial and important object of my invention is to provide a riding-cultivator in which the wheels shall be disposedin rear of the cultivator-gangs, so as to be incapable of interfering with or being-interfered with by the latter. To attain this object, Iv dispense with the usual large cultivator-wheels and substitute for them the smaller wheels or disks journaled in forks which have a swivel move-f ment in the frameof the machine. I further provide gage-springsjivhich connect the wheelcarrying forks with the gangs of cultivators. I further aim to so arrange the parts that horizontally-disposed journals or supporting means shall be as far as possible omitted, vertically-disposed swivels being substituted as far as possiblein order to reduce friction and wear. 1 Y

My invention also consists in certain 1mprovements 111 the frame structure, in the means for connecting the latter with the cultivatorgangs,-in improved means for effectportion, andexact manner of assemblage within the scope of my invention and without de L Fig. 1.

taken on the line-4 4 in Fig. 2. Fig: 5 is a detail plan view of one of the gang-carryingconnection.

sectional elevation taken on the line 3 3 in Fig.4 is a detail sectional elevation blocks. Fig. 6'isalongitudinal sectional view of the same. Fig. 7 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 7 7 in Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic sectional view taken on the plane indicated by the curved line 8 8 in Fig. 7. Fig.- 9 is a perspective viewof one of the intermediate spacing-blocks disposed between theupper and lower members of one of the wheel-carrying frames. Fig. 10 isa perspective detail view showing the meansfor connecting the fender-carryingbar with one of the draft-bars. Fig. 11 .is an inner face View of oneof the washers forming part of said Fig. 11 is a perspective detail view of the other washer; forming a part of said connection. Fig.12 is a plan view of one of the ellipsoidal ball-bearings used in connection with the supporting means for the gangcarrying blocks.

Corresponding parts in the several figures are indicated by similar nu merals ofreference. The frame of my improved cultivator may be described as comprising a horizontally-disposed arch or U-shaped frame 1, having at its inner edgea vertical flange 2. This U- shaped frame is disposed with its open side toward the rear of the machine, and to the under side of said frame are secured crossbars-.3 and 4. To the sides of the upstanding flange 2 are secured a pair of forwardly-extending frame-bars 5 5, converging at their front ends, as shown, for the securement between them of the tongue 6, the rear end of which rests upon the front end of the frame 1. The front frame-bar 7 is secured to the undersides of the bars 5 5 of the tongue 6 by means of hook-bolts 8 8 and a center bolt 9.

Bolted or otherwise suitablysecured to the under side of the cross-bar 3, at the ends thereof, are spacing-blocks 10, having'lugs 11, whereby they are fitted closely and solidly to the cross-bar. Said blocks 10 are provided with vertical slots 12, and each of said slots is also provided at its inner end with an inwardly-extending bracket 13, having a perforation-l i.

chine.

Secured to the under side of the frame-bar 4 are spacing-blocks 15, one at each end. These spacing-blocks are of -a thickness less than that of the spacing-blocks 10, and they are secured by means of bolts 16, extending through slots 16, which said bolts also serve for the attachment of the wheel-supporting frame-bars 17 and 18 at each side of the ma- These frame-bars, owing to the relative thickness of the blocks and 10, are caused to diverge rearwardly, and their rear ends are spaced by castings 19, the upper and lower edges of which are provideclwith recesses or grooves 20 21 for the accommodation, respectively, of the rear ends of the upper and lower frame-bars 17 and 18. Said frame-bars are connected near their front ends by means of bolts 22, extending through the slots 12 of the blocks 10. It will thus be seen that the frames, comprising the bars 17 and 18 and the spacing-blocks 19, are capable of swinging upon the bolt 16 as a pivot and of being secured at any position to which they may be adjusted by simply tightening the nuts upon the bolts 22. In this manner the wheel-carrying frames are capable of wide adjustment at their rear ends.

The rear ends of the castings 19 are vertically bored, as at 23, for the passage of tubular stems 24, extending upwardly from yokes 25, which are provided at their upper ends with sockets 26, surrounding bosses 27 "at the lower ends of the casting 19. The yokes are flanged, as will be seen at 28, to afford seats forthe wheel-carrying yokes 29, which are secured by means of bolts 30, extending upwardly through the tubular stems 24 of the yokes 25. Suitably secured at the lower ends of the arms of each yoke 29 are journal-boxes 31, which afford bearings for the spindle 32 of a wheel or disk 33, having a comparatively sharp-edged rim, so that its progress shall not be impeded by clods or other obstructions. Each of the boxes 31 is provided with a lubricant-receptacle 34 for the reception of the packing, whereby the spindle of the wheel may be kept constantly lubricated sufficiently to enable it to work freely in its bearings.

Upon the inner sides of each of the arms of each yoke 29 is a clamp 35, having a corru- V gated face 36 to cooperate with a similarlycorrugated slide 37, which latter is provided with a slot 38, whereby it is enabled to move vertically with relation to the clamp upon the bolt 39, whereby both are secured in position. The slide 37 is provided in its outer face with a groove or channel 40, against which is placed a washer 41, completing the clamping device. In the channels 40 of each of the slides 37 of each yoke is placed an arm 42 of av spring-yoke 43, said arms being provided in front of the clamping devices with vertical coils or helices 44. These spring yokes, which, as will be seen, extend forwardly from the wheel-carrying yokes, are capable of vertical adjustment to the extent of the length of the slots 38 in the slides 37. Each of the springyokes is provided at its front end with a forwardly-extending loop 45, the object of which will be hereinafter set forth. 1

The mechanism thus far described, it will be observed, constitutes the frame of the device and the rotary supporting means at the rear end of said frame. I shall now proceed to describe the cultivator-gangs and the means for adjusting and operating the latter. Two gangs are used, one at each side of the machine, and inasmuch as these gangs are of the same construction only one will be specifieally described, it being understood that the description will apply equally to each of the gangs.

46 designates a block or casting having at at its front portion a vertical slot 47. The rear portion of the block 46 forms a semibox or bearing 48, which combines with a removable lid or semibox 49 to form a bearing for a spindle 50, having a rearwardly-extending horizontally-disposed eye-plate 51. The body of the block 46 is provided directly in front of the boxing with an upstanding flange 52. A similar flange 53 extends upwardly from the front end of the spindle 50, and an additional flange 54 extends upwardly from the front end of the boxing 49, said three flanges being normally in approximate contact with each other. The box-lid is secured in operative position by means of bolts and nuts 55. It will be observed that the spindle 50, having the eye-plate 51, may turn to some extent in the boxing provided for it, but that its withdrawal from the said boxing is prevented by the flange 53, which is confined between the flanges 52 and 54, said flange also limiting the rotary movement of the spindle by engaging the approximate sides of the block 46. The flanges 52 and 54 are each provided with a suitable number of perforations 56, which are spaced equidistantly apart and which are disposed concentric to the axis of the spindle 50. The flange 53 of the latter is likewise provided with perforations 57, which are likewise spaced equidistantly apart and at the same distance from the axis of the spindle 50 as the perforations 56; but the distance between the individual perforations 57 is different from that between the individual perforations 56 of the flanges 52 and 54. It will thus be observed that a pin, as 58, may be used to connect the flanges 52 and 54 with the intermediate flange 53 by inserting said pin through alining perforations in the several flanges; but it will also be seen that in order to effecta different adjustment a very trifling movement of the spindle 50 upon its axis while the pin is removed will be sufficient to bring other perforations of the respective flanges into alinemnt for the reinsertion of the pin. Hence by the 56 and 57 in the respective flanges an extremely fine adjustment of the spindle and the eye-plate 50 may be had.

Each gang comprises a beam 59, supporting a plurality of plow-carrying spring-bars, as will be presently more fully described. Upon the upper side of each beam 59 is supported a cap 60, having an upwardly-extending boss 61, which is swiveled in the eye-plate 51, where it is secured by means of a washer 62, which is segmental in shape, having one side removed in order that access may be had to a plurality of grooves 63 and 64:, formed exteriorly upon the boss 61 and interiorly in the eye-plate 51 and differentially spaced, so

that by a very slight adjustment of the boss ciple as that of the spindle journaled in the block 46 and that a very delicate adjustment is'thereby made possible.

The plow-carrying, bars or standards 66 of my improved device consist of flat steel springs sigmoidal in shape and supported at their upper, ends upon the beam 59, where they are suitably spaced apart, each gang consisting, preferably, offour standards. With regard to the plows carried by said standards and which have been designated 67 I desire it to be understood that these plows or blades may be of any desired construction, reversible, if desired,and that they may be secured to the respective standards by means of heel-bolts, as 68, or in any suitablemanner. I would have itunderstood that-while the entire gang of four plows are usually employed it may occasionally be found desirable to use a gang of'two onlysuch as, for instance, when turningplows are used, and in such event the plows not required may be readily detached from the machine. In order to secure a high degree of flexi-- bility and resiliency of the plow carrying To effect this, each of the flat sigmoidal standardsis bent at its lower end so as to form atubular portion 69, in which is seated a pin 70, having an eyev 71, through which extends a cross-pin 72. Upon the bolt which serves for the attachment of the standard to the beam is mounted a reinforcing-spring 7 3, having coils 74 and the lower ends of the arms of which are connected with the cross-pin 71. These reinforcing-springs, one of which is used in connection with each of the spring-standards, serve to stiffen the latter, especially at their upper ends, where they are most liable to receive injury when the machine is in operation. At the same time the spring-standards thus constructed will be found to possessthe desired degree of flexibility, which is desirable for the most successful operation of' the dev1ce.

As will be seen by reference to the drawings, the two central plow-carrying standards of each gang are mounted between the beam 59 and the cap. upon the bolts 75, which I connect said beam and cap with each other. The inner standard has a separate securing bolt 76, and the outer standard is likewise mounted upon an independent bolt 77, which latter is extended above the beam 59 for the reception of a flanged sleeve 78, which is engaged by the loop 45 at the front end of the spring-yoke a3, which has been hereinbefore' described as being mounted adjustablyupon the wheel-carrying yoke. This spring, be

sides exerting a degree of upward pressure upon the outer end of the beam 59, which is effective in assisting to raise the gangs when required, also acts in the capacity of a guide and equalizer, whereby unnecessary and an'' noying wabbling and vibration are prevented. 4

The front ends of ,the blocks ,46 are provided in the sides thereof with recesses 79 for the reception of the rear ends of cleft-bars 80,

the front endsof which are curved upwardly, as shown at 81, and provided with perforai tions 82 for adjustable connection with the front frame-bar 7 by means of hook-bolts 83.

said extensions being provided each with a plurality of perforations '86 for the connection adjustably therewith of clamping devices comprising washers 87 and 88, the former of which has a grooved or corrugated face, while the latter is provided at its upper and lower edges with serrated flanges 89, engaging the corrugated'face of the washer 87. The bolt 90, which connects the m'ern- Ioo bers 87 and 88 with each other and with the L bracket extension 86, serves also for the 'attachment of a rearwardly-extending bar 91, carrying a fender 92. It will be noticed that owing to'the distance between the faces of the clamp members 87 and 88, which is equal to the flanges 89, the fender-bar will be mounted loosely in such a manner as to ad- Y mit of a slight degree of oscillation. It is ob vious that. it is not permitted to move suffi-' ciently to bring it in dangerous proximity to the rows of plants that are being operated upon' by the cultivator, and this danger will also be practically avoided by the tendency of the fender to follow in the straight line of draftf At the same time any objectionable stiffness this'construction avoided. The fender-blade; 92 isprovided with several perforations-93 tow and rigidity of movement'of the fender is by:

admit of its adjustment with relation to the bar 91. The fender may thus be set at any desired elevation with relation also to the cultivatorgangs.

Upon the upper side of the frame-bar 4 at each side of the machine is mounted a rockshaft 94, journaled in suitable bearings 95, the inner one of which is formed in the vertical part of a toothed segment 96. Each of these segments is provided at its front end with a smooth portion 96*, which is free from notches and at the front end of which is an additional tooth 96, forming a stop. Each rock-shaft 95 has near its inner end an operating-lever 97 provided with a spring-actuated lock dog or pawl'98, which in order to protect its parts is inclosed within a casing 99. Each rock-shaft also carries a crank or arm 100,'provided at its outer end with brackets 101, having approximately semicircular cups or recesses 102 in their inner adjacent sides for the accommodation of balls 103, which have their bearings in saidsockets. Although described as balls, these bodies are by preference somewhat oblong or ovoidal, as will be seen in the drawings. The balls 103 have vertical perforations 104 for the passage of the rods 105, which are secured adjustably with relation to said balls by means of set-screws 106. The lower ends of the rods 105 have pivotal connection with the blocks 46, in the slots 47 of which they are mounted by means of transverse bolts or pins 107 in such a manner as to have suflicient freedom of movement. At their upper and lower ends said rods 105 are screw-threaded for a considerable distance at each end, and upon the said screw-threaded portion are mounted nuts 108 and 109, which serve for the compression of springs 110 and 111, which are coiled upon the rod 105, respectively above and below the balls 104. It will be obvious that when the set-screws 106 are loosened the rods 105 will be enabled to play vertically in the balls 104, subject to the tension of the springs 110 and 111, whereby the gangs are held to their work, and which is capable of being regulated by means of the nuts 108 and 109. By simply tightening the set-screws 106 the connectingrods 105 will be secured rigidly in the ball members, and vertical play of the front ends of the block 46, which carries the cultivatorgangs, will thus be prevented. The importance of this adjustment will be readily understood by those skilled in the art to which my invention appertains, inasmuch as my improved implement is thereby enabled to work successfully in all kinds of soil, suflicient flexi' bility of movement being at all times provided to suit the circumstances under which the implement is being employed and the kind of soil that is being operated upon.

It will be seen that when the levers 97 are thrown rearward in order to raise the gangs from the ground said gangs may be retained at any desired elevation by properly adjusting the lever with relation to the toothedseg ment. When it shall be desired to depress the gangs for operation, the operating-levers are thrown forward to the extreme front ends of the toothed segments or until the lock-dogs of said levers engage the stops 96 As soon as the team starts the points of the cultivators or earth-engaging members will enter into the soil by the extra pressure exerted upon them, and the levers will automatically move back into the first or top notches of the toothed segments, in which position they will serve to retain the gangs in proper operative position. In Fig. 2 of the drawings the earth-engaging members have been shown in a raised or elevated position. It is obvious that by raising the levers 97 and throwing the same in a forward direction the said earth-engaging members will be depressed in the manner just described.

The bar 4 of the frame of the machine is provided at. its front and rear edges with downwardly-extending flanges 112, and the front one of these flanges is provided with perforations 113 for the connection therewith of depending frames 114, the side members of which are provided at their upper ends with hooks 115 for detachable engagement with the perforations 113. These frames 114 form supporting-tracks for rollers 116, which are journaled to the rear side of a transverse bar 117 which is thus supported laterally movable with relation to the frame-bar, the depending front flange of which also engages said rollers. To the rear side of the movable bar 117 and spaced therefrom by a sleeve 118 is secured a cross bar 119, which extends across and serves in a measure to protect the rear faces of the rollers 116. The bar 117 as will be presently seen, has connection with the gang-carrying blocks 46, which latter, together with said bar, are capable of being moved simultaneously or in unison in a lateral direction with relation to the frame of the machine, and to accomplish this purpose foot-levers are provided in the shape of bellcranks 120, which are fulcrumed upon the inwardly-extending brackets 13' of the blocks 10, connected with the ends of theframe-bar 3. I One arm of each of these bell-cranks has pivotal connection with one end of the bar 119 and through the latter with the rollersupported laterally-movable bar 117, the pivotal connection between the levers 120 and the ends of the bars 119 being, by means of pins 121, extended through perforations in the ends of the bar 119 and through elongated slots 122 in the ends of the lever-arms, whereby the necessary play is provided for. By this mechanism the driver, whose seat is located suitably in rear of the free arms of the bell-crank levers,.which are formed with footpieces 123, may effect any necessary lateral movement of the cultivator-gangs without affecting the position of the frame of the ma- IIO chine. The drivers seat 124 is well to the rear of the machine, above and slightly in rear of the rear supporting-wheels, and it is mounted upon a seat bar or spring 125, which is suitably connected with the frame-bar4, and which, if necessary, may be provided with additional suitable supporting means.

In order to connect the laterally-movable bar 117 with the plow-gangs, I provide suitably-constructed hangers or brackets 126, which may be approximately V-shaped, although the outer members of said hangers are preferably disposed vertically or at right angles to the bar 117, while the inner members of said hangers are inclined upwardly and inwardly from the lower ends of the outer members. The upper end of the inner members 127 of these brackets terminate in clips 128, which engage the supporting-bar 117. The upper ends of the outer members 129 of the hangers likewise are provided with clips 130, including transverse pins 131, upon which are pivoted catches 132, adapted to engage notches 133 in the upper edge of the bar 117. The catches 132 are provided with transverse perforations 134, affording bearings for pivoted lock-springs 135,which when the catches 132 are in engagement with any one of the notches 133 may be sprung around the vertical members 129 of" the hangers 126, thereby securing the catches, and consequently locking the hangers in position upon the supporting-bar 117. Each of the vertical bracket members is provided with forwardly-extending bearings 136 for a vertically-movable rod 137, the lower end of which extends into the slot 47 of the block 46, where it is pivotally mounted upon a transverse pin'138.

It will be seen that by the construction and arrangement of parts just described the gangcarrying blocks 46 are capable of independent lateral adjustment with relation to the supporting-bearings 117 and that the latter by foot-power exercised by the operator is capable of lateral adjustment, whereby the cultivator-gangs may be simultaneously adjusted for the purpose of avoiding obstructions or for other reasons. At the same time the cultivator-gangs are free to move vertically when the set-screw 106 is loosened and then within limits predetermined by the compression of the springs 110 and v111 by their respective compressing-nuts. If, on the other hand, it shall be desired to secure the gangcarrying blocks 46 against vertical movement,

The utility and, in.

ball-and-socket joints is also evident when it is remembered that some lateral play is needed when the brackets or hangers 126 are laterally adjusted with relation to the supportingbar 117. The crank members, however, are made laterally adjustable upon their respective supporting-shafts 94 by means of setscrews 140 in order that when extensive lateral adjustment of other parts of the machine is made the said cranks and the parts related thereto may likewise be properly adjusted .upon their shafts.

It will be observed that the entire machine as thus far described has been constructed with an eye especially toward permitting the sides of the machine to be adjusted laterally, thereby to regulate the width of the machine according to the kind of work that is to be done and to the general circumstances under which it is to be employed It will be seen that a wide range of adjustment may be had by the pivotal arrangement of the wheel-carrying frames, by the swivel arrangement of the supporting-wheels with relation to the frames, and by the means provided for the lateral djustment independently of each other of the gang-supporting means and their related parts, all adjustments being effected in the simplest and easiest manner and without disturbing the effective operation of parts relating to and operating in conjunction with the parts which are actually adjusted.

The draft attachment of my improved machine comprises a doubletree 141, which is suspended upon a hook-bolt 142, which connects the rear end of the tongue with the frame 1. The ends of the doubletree are connected, by means of link-rods 143, with draftbars 144, depending from the ends of the frame-bar 7 These draft-rods are each provided with a plurality of perforations 145 for the attachment of the swingletrces. The doubletree 141, it will be observed, is arched, so that the extremities thereof will be disposed in a lower plane than that of the .rear end of the tongue and the frame portion 1. I find that by this construction the draft will be more effectively equalized upon the various parts of the machine, thereby reducing the 'traction to a minimum.

viously intended to be set to engage the soil at any desired depth and to prepare a path for the supporting-wheels, which latter are actually more in the nature of guides than supports, while at the same time suflicient support is afforded to enable a downward pressure to be exercised upon the plow-carrying gangs by means of the springs 43.

The cultivators may be set to engage the ground at the desired depth by loosening the set-screw 106, properly adjusting the rods 105, and again tightening the set-screws, or if it is desired that the cultivators shall work freely the set-screws 106 may be suffered to remain loose and the tension of the springs 110 and 111 may be adjusted, by means of the nuts 108 and 109, so that the plows shall be forced to the desired depth by the tension of said springs. It is obvious that the plows or cultivators may be raised from the ground by pulling the op- BIfItIHgrlGVGIS 97 ina rearward direction and causing them to engage the lower teeth of the segment-racks. It is while the cu ltivators are in this raised position that they may be most conveniently adjusted as to depth. Now when the operation is to be begun the operatinglevers 97, having first been released from the teeth of the segment-rack, are thrown in a forward direction. The upper portions of the segments 97, as will be seen by reference to the drawings, are deprived of teeth and have each a smooth portion. When the operating-levers have been carried past this smooth portion, they are let go off by the operator, who will thus have placed the earthengaging implements in contact with the surface of the soil. It is evident, then, that. when the machine is started in a forward direction the teeth or blades will instantly pass into the soil to the desired depth, which is maintained as long as the machine is in operation,

In cultivating cross-rows it will be obvious that the obnoxious bumping or jolting caused in riding-cultivators of ordinary construction every time the wheels pass across the beds or ridges is entirely avoided in my improved machine, because, as stated, a path is prepared in front of the wheels, which will thus travel over absolutely level ground.

The facility withwhich the various parts of my machine may be adjusted and manipulated to carry into effect the various purposes of my invention and the general simplicity of construction and operation all combine to emphasize the utility and efficiency of my invention. 4

Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. In a cultivator, a frame comprisingahorizontally-disposed, U-shaped yoke provided in its inner edge with an upstanding flange,crossbars supporting said yoke,longitudinal framebars secured to the upstanding flange and extending forwardly, and a transverse framebar under the front ends of said longitudinal bars.

2. In a cultivator, a frame structure comprisinga horizontally-disposed U-shaped yoke having at its inner edge an upstanding flange, cross-bars supporting said yoke, longitudinal frame-bars secured to the upstanding flange extending forwardly and converging at the front ends, a tongue secured between sald converging ends and supported at its 'rear'end upon the yoke, and a transverse bar connected with the upper sides of the longitudinal side bars and the tongue.

3. In a cultivator,a frame comprising a horizontally-disposed yoke and cross-bars supporting the same, and wheel-carWingframes connected pivotally with the front cross-bar and consisting of upper and lower members spaced apart divergently by spacing-blocks connected with the ends of the rear cross-bar.

4. In a cultivator, a frame structure comprising a horizontally-disposed yoke and cross bars supporting said yoke, in combination with wheel-carrying frames comprising upper and lower members having pivotal connection with the front cross-bar, spaced apart divergently by blocks connected with the rear cross-bar and by castings at their rear ends, and means for securing wheel-carrying frames at various adjustments.

5. In a cultivator, a frame including two cross-bars, wheel-carrying frames comprising upper and lower members having pivotal connection with the front cross bar, spacingblocks connected with the rear cross-bar and having vertical slots and connecting means extending through said slots and through the upper and lower parts, of the wheel-carrying frames to secure the latter at various adjustments. i v

6. In a cultivator, a frame structure including front and rear cross-bars disposed closely adjacent to each other, wheel-carrying frames comprising upper and lower members connected pivotally with the front cross-bar, and blocks connected with the rear cross-bar and spacing theupper and lower members of the wheel-carrying frames apart, said blocks being provided with flanges gripping the cross-bar, and with inwardly-extending lugs.

7. In a cultivator, a frame structure including a pair of cross-bars, wheel-carrying frames comprising upper and lower members connected pivotally with the front cross-bar, spacing members connected with the rear crossbar, means for securing the wheel-carrying frames adjustably with relation to said spacing members, spacing-blocks at the rear ends of the. wheel-carrying frames, said blocks having vertical bores and wheel-carrying yokes having spindles journaled in said bores.

8. VVheel-carrying frames including spacing-blocks having vertical bores combined with yokes having tubular spindles extending through said bores.

9. Wheel-carrying frames having spacingblocks provided with vertical bores and with bosses at the lower ends of said bores, in combination with yokes having flanges engaging said bosses, and tubular spindles engaging the bores.

10. VVheel-carrying frames having spacing members provided with vertical bores, yokes having tubular spindles engaging said bores, auxiliary wheel-carrying yokes, and connecting-bolts extending through the latter and through the tubular spindles of the superimposed yokes and providedwith nuts bearing against the upper sides of the spacing-blocks.

11. Wheel-carrying frames having spacingblocks provided with vertical bores, yokes having tubular spindles extending through said bores,flanges upon the arms of said yokes, auxiliary yokes seated between said flanges, and connecting means.

12. A wheel-carrying frame having a vertical, perforated block, a yoke having a tubular spindle journaled in said perforation, an auxiliary yoke, means connecting the said yokes with each other and with the spacing-block, bearing-boxes mounted upon the arms of the auxiliary yoke, and a wheel having spindles journaled in said boxes.

13. In a cultivator, a swiveled yoke, a supporting-wheel journaled between the arms of said yoke, a spring-yoke connected adjustably with the arms of the supporting-yoke, and frame-carrying earth-engaging implements, said frame being engaged at one end bysaid spring-yoke.

14. In a cultivator, a swiveled yoke, a supporting-wheel journaled between the arms of said yoke, clamping devices connected ad justably with said arms, and a spring-yoke engaged by said clamping devices, extending forwardly from the supporting-yoke and terminating in a forwardly-extending loop.

15. In a cultivator, a swiveled yoke, asupporting-wheel journaled between the arms of said yoke, a spring-yoke, clamping devices connecting the arms of the latter adjustably with the arms of the supporting-yoke, a plowcarrying frame and a flanged sleeve connecting said frame with the spring-yoke.

16. In a cultivator, a swiveled yoke, a supporting-wheel journaled between thearms of said yoke, a spring-yoke connected adjustably with said arms, extending forwardly and terminating in a loop at its front end, a plowcarrying frame, and aflanged sleeve mounted upon said frame and having movable connection with the loop at the front end of the spring-yoke.

17. In a cultivator, a swiveled yoke, a supporting-wheel journaled between the arms of said yoke, a spring-yoke connected with and,

extending forwardlyfrom the arms of the latter, a plow-supporting frame mounted to move upon a vertical axis, and means connecting said frame with the spring-yoke.

18. In a cultivator, a supporting-block, a shank having a limited rotary movement in said block, an eye-plate upon said shank, a tool-carrying beam, a cap upon said beam, and a boss extending upwardly from said cap and engaging the eye-plate.

19. In a cultivator, a supporting-block having a cavity and provided with an upstanding flange, transverselyperforated, a lid cooperating with the cavity to form a journal-box and having a companion flange correspondingly perforated, a shank journaled in the box and having an upstanding flange between the companion flanges and provided with per forations spaced differentlyfrom those in said companion flanges, and a connecting-pin.

20. In a cultivator, asupporting-block having a cavity and provided with an upstanding flange, a lid cooperating with said cavity to form a journal-box and having a companion flange, a shank journaled in said box and having a flange upstanding between the companion flanges, suitably-spaced perforations in the several flanges, a connecting-pin, an eyeplate upon the shank, a tool-carrying frame having a boss engaging said eye-plate, differently-spaced grooves in the latterand in the boss, and a connecting-pin adapted to engage alining grooves to connect the parts at delicate adjustments.

21. In a cultivator, a supporting-block, a shank having limited rotary movement with relation to said boss, an eye-plate on the said shank, a tool-supporting frame having a boss in rotary engagement with said eye-plate, grooves in the adjacent sides of said boss and eye-plate, a pin adjustably engaging said groove, and a segmental washer supported upon the eye-plate and having connection with the boss of the t0ol-supporting frame.

22. In a cultivator, supporting-blocks, cultivator-gangs having swivel connection with shanks swiveled in such supporting-blocks, recesses in the sides of said blocks, and cleft draft-bars engaging said recesses.

23. In a cultivator, a frame structure, supporting-blocks connected therewith, cultivator-gangs having adjustable connection with said supporting-blocks, wheel-carrying frames having pivotal and adjustable connection with the gnain frame structure, yokes having swivel connection with said frames, supportingwheels journaled between the arms of said yokes, and springs supported adjustably with relation to said yokes and having flexible connection with the cultivator-gangs.

24. In a cultivator, a frame structure, supporting-blocks, cultivator-gangs adjustably connected with and supported by said blocks, draft means connecting the latter with the frame structure, rock shafts upon the frame structure,operating means for said rock-shaft, shanks mounted upon the latter and having sockets, balls engaging said sockets and having vertical perforations, rods extending through said balls and having pivotal connection with the supporting-blocks, and adjust' ing-screws in said balls adapted to engage the rods.

25 In a cultivator, a frame, gang-supporting blocks, draft means connecting the latter with the frame structure, rock-shafts having socketed arms,vertically-perforated balls having set-screws, rods extending through said perforated balls and having pivotal connection with the supporting-blocks, springs upon said rods above and below the ball-joints, and means for regulating the tension of said springs.

26. In a cultivator, a frame structure, gangsupporting blocks, suitably-operated rockshafts having crank-arms provided with sockets, balls in said sockets, adjusting-rods extending through perforations in said balls, setscrews in the latter to retain said rods at any desired adjustment, vertical slots in the gangsupporting blocks, eyes upon the lower ends of the adjusting-rods engaging said blocks, and pivotal pins engaging said eyes.

27. In a cultivator, a frame structure, a roller-supported, laterally-movable bar, gangsupporting blocks having connection with said bar, and independent supporting means for said gang-carrying blocks.

28. In a cultivator, a frame structure, a

roller-supported,laterally-movable bar, hang ers supported by said bar, gang-supporting blocks connected with and vertically movable with relation to said hangers, and independent supporting means for said gang-supporting blocks.

29. In a cultivator, a laterally-movable bar, hangers supported adjustably upon said bar, gang-supporting blocks connected with and vertically movable with relation to said hangers, and independent supporting means for said gang-supporting blocks.

30. In a cultivator, a laterally-movable bar, hangers supported upon said bar, bearingblocks attached to said hangers, gang-supporting blocks, rods connected pivotally with the latter and extending through the bearings upon the hangers, and independent supporting means for the gang-supporting blocks.

31. In a cultivator, a laterally-movable bar having notches at its upper edge, hangers having clips engaging said bar, catches having pivotal connection with said clips and adapted to engage the notches in said bar, spring locking devices connected with said catches and adapted to secure the latter in engagement with the notches in the bar, and gang-supporting blocks connected with the hangers and having free vertical movement with relation thereto.

32. In a cultivator, a frame structure, a laterally-movablc bar, foot-levers consisting of hell-cranks suitably supported to operate said bar in either direction, gang-carrying blocks connected with and having free vertical movement with relation to the laterally-movable bar, and independent supporting means for said gang-supporting blocks.

33. In acultivator, aframe structure including a cross-bar, roller-supporting frames connected with said cross-bar, a laterally-movable bar having rollers engaging said frames, a rear bar connected with and spaced from said laterally-movablebar,suitably-supported bellcrank levers, pivotal connection between one arm of each of said levers and one end of the rear bar connected with the laterally-movable bar, and gang-supporting blocks connected movahly with said laterally-movable bar.

34:. In a cultivator, a frame structure, a laterally-movable bar, means for operating the latter, gang-supporting blocks connected adjustably with the laterally-movable bar, rockshafts supported upon the frame, cranks extending from said rock-shafts, means connecting said cranks with the gang supporting blocks, and draft means connecting the latter with a front cross-bar of the frame structure.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own 1 have hereto affixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

BENJAMIN PANNELL COLLIER.

WVitnesses:

W. T. IBARTEE, PRYOR R1012. 

